RESUMO
Hyponatremia is a common abnormality found in patients admitted in an internal medicine department of an emergency hospital. Sometimes its cause is quite easy to find (in our clinic especially drug-induced due to thiazide or various antidepressant medication in geriatric population), but in other situations it proved to be a challenging diagnosis in what concerns etiology. It is not frequently found in young patients and if this situation occurs a tight diagnosis protocol is always recommended.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The use of current surgical techniques in the management of skin cancers that are not amenable to other treatment options has become the cornerstone of dermatological surgical intervention. Among the many benign lesions and malignant lesions, such as squamous cell carcinomas, melanomas, and Merkel cell carcinomas, the tumors that are commonly excised surgically are the basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Although the majority of BCC lesions spread locally and are rarely metastatic, these lesions may recur, especially, if the excised tissue consists of positive surgical margins. As BCC lesions are more common on the head, face, and neck regions, inadvertent positive margin excisions to help avoid major disfigurement of the regions may contribute to their recurrence. Trichoepithelioma (TE) is a benign tumor that bears a close resemblance to BCC, and therefore, clinicians encounter difficulty in differentiating between TE and BCC lesions. Clinicians have to rely on histopathology and immune-histochemical markers to rule out TE. This differentiation is crucial to make a definitive diagnosis of BCC and subsequently, employ a more aggressive surgical excision approach to treat this invasive tumor as compared with TE. Our focus in this article is to highlight only the surgical excision management of local and or locally invasive BCCs and report the success rate of our hospital's Dermato-venereology clinic (DVC) in Timisoara, Romania. This article highlights the role of an appropriate wide local lesion excision (5 mm) with negative surgical margins in the prevention of further surgical interventions, be it for corrective or esthetic reasons. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study that summarizes the evaluation of 120 lesions from 106 patients who were treated for BCCs at DVC (University Hospital), using a wide surgical excision method. Following the Romanian Society of Dermatologists guidelines, local non-aggressive BCC lesions were excised with margins of 5 mm and up to 1 cm for the aggressive sclerosing subtype. RESULTS: The results of the audit of a sample of 120 lesions from 106 patients demonstrated that none of the surgically treated patients had recurrences and only 23 (19.16%) had positive surgical margin lesions. Out of these, 17 (73.91%) lesions underwent second surgical excision, while only three (13.04%) showed the presence of a residual tumor. The evaluation results may encourage dermatologists worldwide to make appropriately sized excision, especially in regions other than the head and neck, to avoid positive surgical margins and eliminate the need for consequent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: For a better post-surgical prognosis of BCC, the authors recommend the practice of a wide margin excision (5 mm) during the primary surgery to avoid secondary surgery, especially if the tissue in the region is not sparse and chances of causing major disfigurement are minimal. As our findings suggest, only a few cases have the presence of residual tumor in the second surgery, hence authors also advocate the necessity to inform the patients about the merits of a second surgery, clearly mentioning the possibility of the absence of tumor even in the presence of positive margin.
